难度: 困难(Hard)
题目:
Merge k sorted linked lists and return it as one sorted list. Analyze and describe its complexity.
思路:
这个题首先想到的是与合并两个有序链表一样,维护k个指针分别指向那k个链表,每次从中选出一个最小的加入到已有序链表尾,然后那个指针后移。这种做法的时间复杂度为o(nk),提交之后,结果超时。然后想到当某个指针为空时,便不再需要保存这个指针,修改代码为动态删除空指针也超时,因为本质上时间复杂度还是o(nk)。合并k个链表其实可以分解为分别合并前一半和后一半,然后再将这两个结果合并,也就是分治的思想。采用分治的话,层次为log(n),每次合并都为o(n),所以最后的时间复杂度为o(nlog(n))。
代码:
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| # Definition for singly-linked list. # class ListNode(object): # def __init__(self, x): # self.val = x # self.next = None
class Solution(object):
def mergeTwo(self, l1, l2): head = ListNode(None) p = head while l1!=None and l2!=None: p.next = l1 if l1.val < l2.val: p = p.next l1 = l1.next else: p.next = l2 p = p.next l2 = l2.next if l1 != None: p.next = l1 if l2 != None: p.next = l2 return head.next
def mergeKLists(self, lists): """ :type lists: List[ListNode] :rtype: ListNode """ if lists==None or len(lists)==0: return None if len(lists) == 1: return lists[0] l = self.mergeKLists(lists[0:len(lists)/2]) r = self.mergeKLists(lists[len(lists)/2:]) return self.mergeTwo(l,r)
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